Comportamiento y evolución de la meningitis meningocócica en el cinturón africano / Behavior and evolution of meningitis meningococci in the African beltt
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Abstract
For more than a century, the Meningitis meningococci epidemic has occurred in countries that make up the African belt where the dominant agent Neisseria Meningitidis from serum group A resides. The efforts to control the epidemic in the sub-Saharan region through immunization have not shown the results expected. In part because the vaccines are made from polysaccharides that are not immunogenic for small children, do not induce good immunologic memory and have little effect on the agents of Neisseria meningitidis. Between 2001 and 2009 a vaccine against serum group A (MenAfriVac) was developed and was applied in 2010 to 262 million individuals of this region. The results obtained were a lower number of cases with serum group A positive individuals in the countries that make up the affected African belt. However, the meningitis meningococcal epidemic of 2015 observed a change from serum group A to serum group C in Niger and Nigeria. Due to the importance of meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa this paper will center on describing the behavior and the evolution of this region in relation to the meningitis belt. Key words: Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcal disease; vaccines; immunizations.
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Referencias
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